Weather & Climate

1. الدنيا سخانة

   Id-dunya sakhāna

   It's hot

   Usage

   A small-talk opener. الدنيا literally means "the world" but serves as the subject for the weather

   Grammar Note

   Composed from known words and sentence patterns; native review recommended. Vowels are estimated

2. المطر نزل

   Il-maṭar nazal

   The rain has fallen

   Usage

   "To rain" is expressed with نزل ("came down") and the rain as subject. Roads can turn muddy, so allow extra time after rain

   Grammar Note

   The past tense is built on the masculine 3rd-person singular

3. الحر شديد

   Il-ḥarr shadīd

   The heat is intense

   Usage

   Describes the fierce midday heat. Drink water often and avoid going out at noon

   Grammar Note

   Composed from known words and sentence patterns; native review recommended

4. البرد شديد

   Il-bard shadīd

   The cold is severe

   Usage

   Desert areas can turn cold at night and in the early morning, so carry a layer

   Grammar Note

   Composed from known words and sentence patterns; native review recommended. Vowels are estimated

5. الحرارة كم درجة؟

   Il-ḥarāra kam daraja?

   What's the temperature?

   Usage

   "How many degrees" is كم درجة. The answer is a number

   Grammar Note

   Composed from known words and sentence patterns; native review recommended. Contains words shared with Modern Standard Arabic

6. مطر

   Maṭar

   Rain

   Usage

   A single-word card. "It rains" is formed with نزل ("come down")

   Grammar Note

   Word cards are given without the article; in a sentence it takes the article, as in المطر

7. شمس

   Shamis

   Sun

   Usage

   A single-word card, useful when talking about the strong sun

   Grammar Note

   In a sentence it takes the article and is written الشمس, read ish-shamis (ش is a sun letter)

8. سحاب

   Saḥāb

   Clouds

   Usage

   A single-word card, useful when talking about the sky before rain

   Grammar Note

   A collective noun

9. هبوب

   Habūb

   Wind

   Usage

   A single-word card. This is the word behind the Sudanese dust storm "haboob", and refers to a strong wind

   Grammar Note

   In a sentence it takes the article: الهبوب

10. شتا

    Shitā

    Winter

    Usage

    A single-word card. Unlike Standard Arabic الشتاء, it has no final hamza

    Grammar Note

    In a sentence it takes the article: الشتا

11. صيف

    Ṣēf

    Summer

    Usage

    A single-word card, useful when discussing the best time to travel

    Grammar Note

    Native review recommended. Vowels are estimated

12. تلج

    Talj

    Snow, ice

    Usage

    The counterpart of Standard Arabic ثلج, with ت in place of ث. Also usable for ice in drinks

    Grammar Note

    Used for both snow and ice

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